Abanyamulenge ni ubwoko butuye mu gihugu cya RDC, mu ntara ya Sud-Kivu, bakaba babarizwa mu ma territoires atatu ariyo Uvira, Fizi na Mwenga. Akarere batuyemo kagizwe ahanini n’uruhererekane rw’imisozi miremire ikunze kwitwa “ Les hauts plateaux d’Itombwe”.
Abanyamulenge ni ubwoko bw’aborozi, bakaba barageze mu gace batuyemo mbere yuko umugabane wa Afrika ugaburwamo ibice byinshi byaje kuvukamo ibihugu. Aka karere batuyemo, bahisemo kuba ariko baturamo kubera ko ari ahantu habereye ubworozi.
Abanyamulenge na none ni ubwoko burangwa n’ukwemera idini rya Kristo, ku buryo hafi ya bose babarizwa mu idini rya gikristo, abenshi muri bo babarizwa mu idini ry’aba Protestanti, abandi bake bakabarizwa muri Catholique, aya ni yo madini yonyine abarizwa mu banyamulenge. Muri iyi nyandiko rero turaza kureba uburyo bakiriye ako gakiza ka Yesu ndetse n’uburyo umurimo w’Imana wagiye waguka mu misozi y’imulenge.
Abanyamulenge mbere yo gukizwa
Abanyamulenge cyo kimwe n’abandi banyafrika, mbere yuko bakira agakiza bari bafite uburyo basengaga ndetse n’ibyo bizeraga. Mu bijyanye n’ibyo bizeraga harimo imana bitaga “ Ryangombe”. Ryangombe yabaga ari umuntu babaga bahisemo noneho agasa nkaho ari we ubaye imana kandi bakizera ko ibyo bamusabye abasha kubibakorera. Ikindi bizeraga ni “Abakurambere”, bizeraga ko abasaza bapfuye bashoboraga kubafasha mu byo babaga bakeneye.
Uburyo basengaga Ryangombe ndetse n’abakurambere ahanini byakorwaga mu buryo bugera kuri butatu :
Uburyo bwa mbere bakoreshaga babyitaga “Uguterekera”, ibi babikoreraga ahantu habugenewe bitaga “mu gitabo”, hari ahantu cyane munsi y’igiti babaga barageneye icyo gikorwa, haba hasa n’ahejejwe mu myumvire yabo. Aho niho bajyaga gusengera batakambira Abakurambere ngo babafashe mu bibazo babaga bafite.
Uburyo bwa kabiri babwitaga “Ukuraguza”, ubu buryo byakoreshwaga mu gihe uwabaga afite ikibazo yagendaga gushaka “Umupfumu”, akamusaba ko amusabira ku bakurambere kugira ngo bamukemurire ikibazo. Umupfumu yabaga ari umuntu umeze nk’umunyempano wabashaga kuvugana n’abakurambere mu buryo bworoshye.
Uburyo bundi bakoreshaga ni ibyo bitaga “ Kubandwa”, ubu buryo nabwo babukoreshaga ahanini byasabwe n’abakurambere babaga basabye ufite ikibazo akorerwa uyu muhango wo kubandwa kugira ngo ikibazo cye kibashe kugemuka. Umuhango nyiri zina wo kubandwa waberaga mw’ishyamba, byarangira bakaza gukora ikimeze nk’umunsi mukuru mu rugo, hakabagwa inka bakazana n’amayoga n’ibindi. Abakorewe uwo muhango babitaga “Imandwa”.
Uko Abanyamulenge bakiriye agakiza
Mu mwaka wa 1919 nibwo Aba missionnaires ba mbere bageze mu ntara ya Sud-Kivu. Aba ba missionnaires baje baturutse mu bihugu bitatu by’Uburayi, ibyo ni Ubwongereza, Suède na Norvège. Bageze muri Sud-Kivu bagiye mu bice bitandukanye; Abongereza bahawe agace ka Fizi, Suède ihabwa agace ka Uvira naho Norvège ihabwa Mwenga na Territoires z’Abashi. Muri iki gihe na none idini ya Catholique nayo yari yamaze kugera muri Sud-Kivu.
Batangiye rero ivugabutumwa, andi moko ni ukuvuga Ababembe ndetse n’Abafulero bakira agakiza ku bwinshi, naho Abanyamulenge barabyanga. Mu mwaka wa 1922, umunyamulenge umwe gusa witwa Ntakandi Samuel aba ariwe wakira agakiza abatirizwa ahitwa “Lemera” muri Uvira, ubwo yari muri Communauté y’aba Suèdois. Nyuma y’imyaka itanu, mu mwaka wa 1927, umugore wa Ntakandi witwaga Sara ndetse na musaza we witwa Karojo Ezekia nabo baza gukizwa.
Ntakandi Samuel yaje kwoherezwa mu gihugu cy’u Burundi ahitwa “Kayogoro”, ajya gutangizayo umurimo w’Imana, naho Karojo Ezekia yimukira mu gace kari gatuwemo n’Abafulero.
Abanyamulenge bakomeje kwinangira banga kwakira agakiza, kugeza ubwo umuzungu w’umwongereza witwaga “Succot”agize iyerekwa araye mu Tulambo, Imana ngo imwereka ukuntu Abanyamulenge bazakira agakiza bose, kandi Imana ikazabakoresha imirimo ikomeye.
Mu mwaka wa 1936 ni ukuvuga nyuma y’imyaka 14 Ntakandi abatijwe, bikekwa ko aribwo uwitwa Sebayani Mbasha nawe yakiriye agakiza mu idini rya Catholique. Uyu niwe wagize uruhare runini mu kwigisha Abanyamulenge benshi bakiriye agakiza muri Catholique.
Mu mwaka wa 1945, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’imyaka 23 yose nibwo abandi bagabo babiri Kajabika Andrea na Mwungura Matayo ndetse n’umudamu witwa Kibihira Elisabeth nabo bakiriye agakiza babatirizwa nabo ahitwa “Lemera” muri Uvira. Nyuma yabo gato uwitwa Ntamunoza Filipo nawe yakiriye agakiza abatirizwa we muri Fizi. Mu mwaka wa 1948, uwitwa Segapara Petero nawe yaje kwakira agakiza abatirizwa ahitwa “Kwa Swima” muri Fizi. Mu mwaka wa 1949 na 1950, habatijwe abandi bake mu bice bitandukanye.
Mu mwaka wa 1951 nibwo igice kinini cy’Abanyamulenge bakiriye agakiza, ibi byabereye mu gihe kimwe mu bice hafi ya byose bari batuyemo, ku buryo abasigaye bari imbarwa. Uburyo bakiriye agakiza buratangaje cyane, kubera ko byasaga nkaho ari Imana ubwayo yabahamagaye kuko umuntu yumvaga inyota yo kwakira agakiza akagenda ashaka wenyine uwamusengera ngo yakire agakiza.
Uburyo itorero ry’imulenge ryagiye ryaguka
Abanyamulenge bamaze kwakira agakiza, batangiye kwubaka amatorero ahantu hatandukanye.
Ikimeze nk’itorero twakwita nk’icyumba cy’amasengesho cya mbere cyabaye ahitwa “ Mushojo” ni aho Kajabika na Mwungura bari batuye igihe bajyaga kubatizwa mu mwaka wa 1945. Akazu bateraniragamo kari ikiraro cy’inyana cy’umugabo witwa Rutabagaya Yeremiya, umubyeyi w’uwahoze ari Représentant Provincial wa CADZ Bugunzu Eliya.
Aha ntabwo bahatinze cyane, kubera ko Matayo Mwungura baje kwimukira ahitwa “ Tulambo” muri Mibunda, naho Kajabika ajya kwiga, mu gihe umubyeyi witwa Kibihira yari amaze kwitaba Imana.
Mwungura ageze mu Tulambo, aho bita “Kuwimbogo”, yahatangije itorero. Mu byukuri iri niryo torero rya mbere ryubatswe mu misozi y’imulenge hari nko mu mwaka wa 1948. Mu mwaka wa 1951, Abanyamulenge bamaze kwakira agakiza ku bwinshi nibwo batangiye kwubaka andi matorero mu bice byose bari batuyemo.
Kugeza mu mwaka wa 1959, Abanyamulenge bari bafite aba Pasteurs batatu gusa abo ni Pasteur Kajabika Andrea wayoboraga amatorero yose yo muri Bijombo, Pasteur Mwungura Matayo wayoboraga amatorero yari muri Territoire ya Mwenga na Pasteur Sebukubo Abraham wayoboraga amatorero yari mu gace ka Rurambo, naho muri territoire ya Fizi yose bari bataragira umu Pasteur w’umunyamulenge.
Mu mwaka wa 1959 nibwo itorero rya Bijombo ryahawe icyitwa “Section”, yari iyobowe na Pasteur Kajabika Andrea. Iyi niyo section Abanyamulenge bari bafite yonyine kugeza mu mwaka wa 1968, kuko aribwo baje guhabwa andi ma sections, ndetse muri icyo gihe umubare wa ba Pasteurs nawo wari umaze kwiyongera.
Mu mwaka wa 1978 nibwo amatorero y’i Mulenge yahawe ibyitwa “ Centres cyangwa Misiyoni”. uwo mwaka muri Communauté ya CEPZA bahawe ama centres ane : Centre ya Bijojwe yari iyobowe na Rev. Pasteur Rugabirwa Amon, Centre ya Bijombo yari iyobowe na Rev. Mudagiri Tabazi, Centre ya Kabara yari iyobowe na Rev. Rwizihirwa Samusoni na Centre ya Minembwe yari iyobowe na Rev. Makombe David. Muri CELZA nabo bahawe iyi Centre y’Ilundu yari iyobowe na Rev. Pasteur Murondanyi Sila. Muri CADEZA bahawe i Centre ya Rutigita yari iyobowe na Rev. Pasteur Bujanja Evariste naho muri Méthodiste bahabwa i Jimbo ya Minembwe yari iyobowe na Surintendant Rusingizwa Bitebetebe.
Nyuma yaho hagiye havuka andi ma Centres menshi mu bihe bitandukanye no mu ma communautés atandukanye, ku buryo ubu yaba arenga ijana. Ubu i Mulenge bageze mu byo bita ama “Districts”, muri CEPAC, CADC na CELPA ndetse n’ibyo bita “Conférences” muri Méthodiste. Izi ni inzego ziri hejuru y’ama Centres cyangwa se ama Paroisses.
Twakwongeraho ko mu ntangiriro mu misozi y’i Mulenge habarizwaga Communautés zitatu gusa mu ba Protestanti hakiyongeraho na Cartholique. Izo Communautés ni UPMGB y’Abongereza niyo yaje kuba CADEZA, hanyuma iza Kuba CADAF, indi ni iya aba Suèdois yaje kuba CEPZA, ubu ikaba ari CEPAC, hanyuma indi iya aba Norvégiens yaje kuba CELZA, ubu ikaba ari CELPA.
Mu mwaka wa 1961, nibwo havutse indi Communauté yitwa “Méthodiste”, iyi yakiriwe ahanini n’abari batuye muri Fizi n’abandi benshi bari bavuye muri Catholique.
Mu mwaka wa 1980, nibwo havutse iyitwa CADZ, yaje kwitwa nyuma CADC, iyi ahanini yagiyemo abari basanzwe baba muri CEPZA. Naho muri 2002, haje kuvuka indi yitwa COEDAC bakunze kwita “aba Comités”, yagiyemo ahanini abo muri CEPAC n’abandi bake bo muri Méthodiste, biganjemo abantu bari bashigikiye umuhanuzikazi witwa Kinyamarura Mariam. Kugeza ubu izi nizo Communautés ziganje mu misozi y’i Mulenge.
Uruhare rw’idini mw’iterambere ry’i Mulenge
Idini cyangwa se ukwakira agakiza ku Banyamulenge nicyo kintu gikomeye cyazanye impinduka nziza mu mibereho yabo.
Mbere yuko Abanyamulenge bakira agakiza, hari ibintu byinshi batari bakageraho :
Nta shuri na rimwe ryarangwaga mu gace k’i Mulenge
Abantu hafi ya bose ntabwo bari bazi gusoma no kwandika
Nta nzu nimwe yari iharangwa yari yubatse mu buryo bwa kijyambere
Nta vuriro na rimwe ryaharangwaga
Abantu benshi bari bataratangira kwambara imyenda
Muri make nta gikorwa cyakwitwa icyiterambere na kimwe cyaharangwaga.
Abantu rero bamaze kwakira agakiza nibwo batangiye guhindura imibereho ndetse n’imitekerereze. Ibyiza byazanywe n’agakiza mu Banyamulenge, twabibumbira ahanini mu bintu bibiri :
Kuva mu byaha : Mbere yuko bakira agakiza, Abanyamulenge bari bugarijwe n’umwijima wa Satani, ku buryo nta byiringiro bari bafite, bari babaswe gusa n’imirimo y’umwijima. Bamaze kwakira agakiza, Imana yabakuye mu mwijima w’icuraburundi barimo, ibajyana mu mucyo ndetse no mu bwami bw’umwana wayo, bituma ubuzima bwabo bugira icyerekezo. Muri uku gukizwa byatumye intebe ya Satani yimurwa imulenge ku buryo imihango yose ya gipagani yakuweho, basigara batagira umupfumu cyangwa uraguza, ahubwo ubwami bw’Imana aba ari bwo bwubakwa i Mulenge hose. Imihana yose y’i Mulenge yubakwamo amatorero, ku buryo nta hantu na hamwe i Mulenge hatari hubatswe itorero. Kubera uko kwimika ubwami bw’Imana byagiye bituma Imana ibakorera ibitangaza bikomeye byaba mu bihe by’intambara no mu bindi bihe bitandukanye.
Iterambere : nkuko twabivuze haruguru, itorero ryagize uruhare runini cyane mu guhindura imibereho y’Abanyamulenge. Ikintu cya mbere cyabaye Abanyamulenge bamaze gukizwa ni uko bose buzuye inyota yo gushaka kumenya gusoma no kwandika, ibi uwabaga yakijijwe biri mu byo yaharaniraga, kandi abenshi barabimenye cyane kandi batarigeze bajya mu mashuri. Nyuma yo gukizwa nibwo batangiye kujya mu mashuri, ndetse amashuri yose ya mbere yatangijwe i Mulenge yari ayazanwe n’amatorero, aha twavuga Primaire ya mbere yuzuye yazanwe n’itorero yari mu Bijombo mu mwaka wa 1959, n’izindi Primaires zakurikiyeho zari izazanwe n’amatorero. Secondaire ya mbere igizwe n’imyaka ibiri gusa nayo yazanwe n’itorero mu mwaka wa 1973 yari ku Kabara. Secondaires zuzuye zakurikiyeho nka Bijombo, Kagogo, Katanga, Minembwe, Tulambo na Rurambo zose nazo zazanwe n’amatorero. Kaminuza ya mbere nayo yazanwe n’umushinga wa Gikristo witwa “Ebenezer”.
Ibi byatumye Abanyamulenge biga ku bwinshi ku buryo, muri iki gihe Abanyamulenge bize amashuri ya Kaminuza babarirwa mu bihumbi, mu gihe kugeza mu mwaka wa 1970, Abanyamulenge bari bafite abantu babiri gusa barangije Kaminuza.
Amavuriro, amazu yubatse mu buryo bwa kijyambere ibi nabyo ibya mbere byose byazanwe n’amatorero mu misozi y’i Mulenge. Imyambarire myiza ndetse n’isuku haba ku mibiri cyangwa se mu mazu nabyo itorero ribifitemo uruhare runini. Icyitwa umushinga (Projet) w’iterambere wa mbere mu misozi y’i Mulenge wazanwe n’itorero, aha turavuga umushinga witwaga PAHU yabarizwaga muri CADZ.
Ibibazo Itorero ry’i Mulenge ryagiye rigira
Nubwo itorero ry’i Mulenge ryagiye rihura n’ibibazo bitandukanye ndetse byinshi, ariko ibyarishegeshe cyane ni bibiri :
Ibibazo by’intambara z’urudaca : mu misozi y’i Mulenge ni ahantu hagiye harangwa n’intambara mu bihe bitandukanye. Izo ntambara zose zagiye zigira uruhare rukomeye mu gusenya amatorero atandukanye y’i Mulenge ndetse no gutwara ubuzima bwa benshi barimo ndetse n’abayobozi b’amatorero. Ingero twatanga ni uko intambara yiswe iya ‘Mulele” niyo yatumye amatorero yose yari mu gace k’Inganji asenyuka, akaba atarongera kwubakwa kugeza uyu munsi. Intambara za AFDL na RCD nazo zasenye amatorero menshi aha twavuga nk’amatorero yose yari Milimba, za Rukombe n’ahandi. Intambara ziriho ubu nazo zasenye amatorero menshi ya Mibunda, Kamombo, Bijombo n’ahandi. Ikindi kubera izi ntambara byagiye bituma abantu benshi bahungira mu bindi bihugu, ibi bikaba byaratumye amatorero asigaramo abantu bake cyane.
Ugutandukana kw’amatorero : ivuka ry’ama Communautés mashya mu misozi y’i Mulenge hari aho byatewe ibibazo by’ukutumvikana no gupingana, bikaba byaragize ingaruka zikomeye k’ubumwe bwarangaga itorero ry’i Mulenge mu minsi ya kera. Urugero ruzwi cyane ni ivuka rya CADZ; kuva mu mwaka wa 1980 kugeza uyu munsi itorero rya CEPAC yavutsemo ntabwo rirabasha kugarura ubusabane na CADZ kabone nubwo urwego rukuru rwa CEPAC rwakemuye ikibazo cyari hagati yabo. Urundi rugero ni urwa COEDAC nayo yavutse muri CEPAC, hagati ya CEPAC na COEDAC nabyo nta busabane bwari bwagaruka. Uku kudasabana kw’amatorero rero kwatumye ubumwe bw’itorero ry’i Mulenge bugira ikibazo kugeza uyu munsi.
Ishusho y’itorero ry’i Mulenge muri iki gihe
Mbere yuko iyi ntambara itangira mu mwaka wa 2017, itorero ry’i Mulenge ryari rifite ishusho igizwe ahanini nuko hari ukuzamuka mu nzego zitandukanye zigizwe n’ama Districts na ma Conférences, ariko kandi umubare w’abakristo ukaba wari waragabanutse cyane mu matorero menshi, biteye n’ukwimuka kw’abakristo benshi.
Mu matorero manini y’i Mulenge, Itorero rya CADC niryo rifite urwego rwa Représentation Provinciale mu ntara ya Sud-Kivu, iyoborwa na Rev. Munyiginya Antoine. CADC na none ikaba yari ifite Districts zine, izo ni Uvira, Bijojwe, Bijombo na Muzinda.
Itorero rya Méthodiste naryo rimaze kugira ama Conférences atatu ayo ni Minembwe bakunze kwita Milimani, Murambya na Lutabula.
CEPAC yo igizwe na ma Districts atatu ayo ni Minembwe, Bijombo na Lemera.
Muri CELPA nabo bafite aba Districts abiri ayo ni Ilundu na Tulambo.
Uretse izi nzego, aya matorero yose agiye agira ibikorwa by’iterambere bitandukanye, birimo amashuri, amavuriro n’ibindi.
Kuva intambara rero itangiye mu mwaka wa 2017, amatorero menshi ubu arakorera mu buhungiro, kandi ibikorwa byayo byinshi bikaba byarangijwe n’intambara.
Byanditswe na Pasteur Mukiza M. Charles
